In the name of God, the beneficent, the merciful
Ministry of Education
Organization for Educational Research and Planning
at a Glance
Public Relations and International Affairs Office
In the name of God, the beneficent, the merciful
OERP is an affiliated organization to the Ministry of Education. Its act
of establishment was passed by the time parliament by the name of
"Organization for Educational Research and Renewal", however it was
renamed the Organization for Educational Research and Planning by
approval of the Revolutionary Council in early 1980. Because of its
scientific-research nature resembling universities and research
institutions, it is ruled by a board of trustees since January 2008.
OERP tries to lay the groundwork for educating learned, capable,
religious students who are prepared to live a life with dignity.
This is pursued through planning quality curriculums and providing
educational programs based on the Education Fundamental Transformation
Charter and the National Curriculum pertinent to scientific,
technological and research developments, preserving the cultural and
Islamic values, and productively interacting with the similar national,
regional and international organizations.
In this pamphlet, the main missions and activities of the organization
and its subdivisions are briefly introduced.
Public Relations and International Affairs Office
Goals and Key Tasks of OERP
Objectives:
Study and research on qualitative issues of education, carrying out
continuous evaluation, regulating academic programs, compiling and
publishing textbooks, and preparing schools and learning institutions to
apply modern utilities and methods to improve the quality of education.
Key Tasks:
-
Conducting research on the programs of all courses and academic levels
regarding domestic requirements as well as physical and mental
capabilities of students;
-
Recognizing and setting the aims and objectives of all grades and
courses and planning appropriate curriculums as well as determining
desirable subject proportions of different courses and levels;
-
Carrying out studies on and coordinating suitable methods of
administering examinations and academic assessments;
-
Compiling, preparing and publishing textbooks and educational
publications for students, teachers and other educational staff;
-
Working out the standard lists of educational material, aids and
equipment in collaboration with the Organization for Development,
Renovation and Equipping Schools;
-
Setting up projects for new teaching strategies and aids, as well as
their implementation and evaluation;
-
Carrying out fundamental research concerning qualitative and
quantitative improvement of education;
-
Training experts needed by the Ministry of Education, running training
programs for teachers, school principals and others to keep constant
relation with teachers and educational experts in order to examine
their views and to pave the way for their participation in curriculum
planning, programing and educational evaluation;
-
Providing advice and assistance for IRIB and other units, bodies and
councils that are somehow related to the tasks of OERP;
-
Carrying out other tasks according to the approvals of OERP Council in
order to achieve the organizational goals.
OERP Organizational Chart
(Ministry of Education)
Membership of Board of Trustees (based on OERP
Establishment Act, Article 3)
- Minister of Education (chairman of the board)
- Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance
- Minister of Economy and Financial Affairs
- Minister of Science, Research and Technology
-
Director of IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting)
-
Vice-president and head of Management and Planning Organization
- Seven distinguished scholars of education
-
Deputy Minister of Education and Head of OERP (secretary of the board)
It is worth mentioning that members' appointment letters are signed
by the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Chairmanship Department
Office of the Head of OERP
Key Tasks
-
Organizing meetings and correspondence of the Head of the Organization
with people, units and departments, both inside and outside the
organization;
-
Following up the orders and delegations of the Head to fulfill
properly within his policies and instructions.
The chairmanship department has some subdivisions including Management
of Performance Evaluation and Accountability, Library and Archives,
Public and International Relations, Safeguard Management, Contracts and
Legal Affairs Group, Team of Advisors, and Darolfonoon School.
Management of Performance Evaluation and Accountability
Key Tasks
-
Carrying out studies on improving quality of performance assessment
and relevant indices to develop procedures;
-
Developing specific indices and criteria for performance evaluation;
-
Arranging and carrying out periodic inspections of OERP divisions and
subdivisions to check if they comply with the organizational goals and
dedicated tasks and in addition, preparing reports accordingly;
-
Inspecting performance of managers and employees and surveying
clients' satisfaction;
-
Preparing reports on the performance of OERP as well as on provincial
departments of education to find if they meet the expectations of
OERP;
-
Responding to people and external inspecting and supervising bodies.
Safeguard Management
Key Tasks
-
Planning and organizing all safeguard activities and measures;
-
Looking into eligibility of those nominated for responsible jobs from
political and security points of view;
-
Reporting to the head of the organization on factors causing
dissatisfaction among clients and the employees;
-
Handling reports from political, security, disturbance and moral
points of view or reports on abusing positions;
- Provisions for securing classified documents;
-
Taking precautionary security measures about installations and places;
-
Adopting security and strategic policies on communications and data
exchange.
Library and Archives
Key Tasks
-
Looking for, selecting and obtaining up-to-date resources according to
information and research requirements of educational scholars and the
educational system;
-
Categorizing resources, disseminating information and providing
clients with appropriate services;
-
Preserving and continuously completing the archive of textbooks as a
treasure of educational heritage;
-
Obtaining documents and research findings on textbooks as well as
looking for other resources such as reports, agreements, approvals,
guidelines, etc. related to the goals and missions of the
Organization.
Public Relations and International Affairs Office
Key Tasks
-
Planning and applying appropriate methods of conveying the polices,
goals, projects and activities of OERP to the public, clients and the
media as well as running OERP multilingual website;
-
Polling views of the public and collecting comments of media on the
Organization and reporting the findings to the OERP authorities;
-
Organizing national, religious and cultural ceremonies;
-
Planning and organizing events and procedures to improve employees'
spirit and interaction;
-
Connecting and productively interacting with similar international
organizations and conventions;
-
Holding meetings of Planning Council of International Activities.
Contracts and Legal Affairs Group
Key Tasks
-
Considering current rules, regulations, programs, contracts, projects
and budgetary constraints legally;
-
Supervising fulfilling conditions of OERP contracts with persons or
legal entities;
-
Formulating lawsuits, petitions and pleas and attending courts to
defend the rights of the Organization;
-
Reviewing drafts of OERP contracts and legal documents and giving
advice on them.
Darolfonoon School
The magnificent building of Darolfonoon was listed as a national
heritage in 1996. Based on the approval of the Council of Deputy
Ministers of Education on 30th August 2014, it was decided to
use the premises as the Ministry of Education Treasure House and
Archives. Therefore, it was decided to finish the strengthening and
restoration operations of the school in
two years.
Key Tasks
-
Collecting and classifying documents, (text)books and any innovations
introduced by past or present educators and students;
-
Standardizing definitions and concepts related to the process and
history of education;
-
Providing governmental or nongovernmental organizations
with information services related to the history of
education.
OERP Scientific Coordinating Council
On 27th July 1999, this council was established, and its code
was approved, to coordinate activities aiming at the goals, missions and
projects of OERP in the fields of planning curriculums, producing
educational material and equipment, and to make provision for a
scientific system for reforming educational programs and curriculums
according to the current requirements and policies.
Tasks and activities of the council are pursued by a secretariat whose
members are assigned by the Head of OERP.
Key Tasks of the Secretariat
-
Gathering facts and data needed by the council through searching or
appropriate studies and research;
-
Dispensing orientation circulars and instructions on the decisions of
the council to ensure uniformity of strategies and procedures;
-
Pursuing, supervising and assessing implementation of decisions of the
council;
-
Examining, and if necessary amending, projects and regulations
proposed to the council;
-
Organizing ad hoc advisory commissions to look into certain issues;
-
Discovering, applying and promoting priority researches according to
missions of the organization.
Department of Compilation and Production of Educational Materials and
Multimedia
Key Tasks
-
Managing and coordinating extension of fundamental and applied
research on curriculum, educational evaluation and educational
innovations;
-
Making relation with specialized individuals and organizations, public
or private, domestic or international, to increase the quality of
educational material and media;
-
Planning and supervising promotion of culture of applying new
technologies in the educational system;
-
Planning and supervising development and production of needed
components of educational packages and other media according to the
respective curriculum;
-
Planning appropriate projects to encourage provincial educational
departments in teaching by media and technology (in distance, virtual
or conventional education);
-
Supervising individual and organizational performance of subdivisions
of the department.
Subdivisions of the department include:
-
Bureau of Compiling Primary and Theoretical Secondary Textbooks
- Bureau of Compiling TVE and Kar-Danesh Textbooks
- Bureau of Educational Technology and Publications
Bureau of Compiling Primary and Theoretical Secondary
Textbooks
This bureau is in charge of designing, compiling and developing
educational packages including textbooks and teacher guides for primary
and nontechnical secondary levels.
Key Tasks
-
Carrying out studies, research, needs assessment, evaluation and
accreditation on curriculums;
-
Setting general and specific objectives for different grades and
nontechnical courses in collaboration with related organs within
educational, moral, religious, cultural, economic and political
requirements pertaining students' age and developmental stage;
-
Proposing structure of the educational system, divisions of levels and
appropriate content regarding rearing and academic goals and aims of
courses;
-
Planning and modifying curriculums of learning and rearing fields and
providing framework of programs for each level of education;
-
Laying the groundwork for pre-evaluating and administering new
curriculums;
-
Promoting curriculums and monitoring their implementation (training
teachers, visiting provinces, answering raised questions, etc.)
-
Developing needed strategies and programs for general and theoretical
subjects, providing sets of appropriate standards and preparing
evaluation regulations;
-
Developing and modifying educational packages including textbooks,
teachers' guides and content of educational films for teachers;
-
Setting criteria for compiling textbooks, selecting compilers and
editors and training them according to the upstream documents and
educational and cultural policies of the country.
14 subject groups work in this bureau under supervision of the
director-general and his two assistants. The groups include:
- Math group;
- Science group;
- Foreign languages group;
- Persian language and literature group;
- Humanities and social studies group;
- The Quran and Islamic studies group;
- Reflection and research group;
- Life style and life skills group;
- Physical education and defense preparedness group;
- Planning and evaluation group;
- Culture and art group;
- Teacher training coordination group;
- Pre-school group;
Bureau of Compiling TVE and Kar-Danesh Textbook
This bureau is in charge of designing, compiling and developing
educational packages for TVE education and Kar-danesh; a system in which
students learn general studies at a learning center and acquire a skill
by apprenticeship. The time deputy ministerial department of TVE
established the bureau by the name of Bureau of Research and Planning in
1988. It was renamed bureau of compiling and planning for secondary
education in 1993. The bureau was then transferred to OERP in 1998.
Key Tasks
-
Carrying out studies, research, needs assessment and accreditation on
TVE and Kar-danesh curriculums;
-
Doing occupational and employment research and needs assessment
according to the national requirements;
-
Providing assistance in curriculum planning in the learning fields of
health, physical education, culture and arts;
-
Planning curriculum for the learning field of work and technology;
-
Planning and developing TV and Kar-danesh courses utilizing
collaboration of experts, skilled technicians and art teachers,
particularly the owners of enterprises and industries;
-
Examining TV curriculums and asking for approval from legal
authorities;
-
Developing and improving educational packages including textbooks,
teacher guides, student handbooks, educational films for teachers,
etc.;
-
Making arrangements for continuous improvement of TVE and Kar-danesh
curriculums;
- Setting needed standards of skills;
-
Advancing curriculums and watching out their implementation (training
teachers, visiting provinces, answering raised questions, etc.)
- Amending curriculums and educational packages;
-
Laying the groundwork for pre-evaluating curriculums and administering
them utilizing collaboration of skilled technicians, art teachers,
university professors and industrial specialists who are aware of
labor market;
There are 11 subject groups working under supervision of the
Director-General of the bureau. The subject groups include:
- Electrical Engineering group;
- Mechanical Engineering group;
- Construction group;
- Metallurgy group;
- Computer Sciences group;
- Agriculture group;
- Arts group;
- Family and Health group;
- Work and Technology group;
- Planning and Accrediting group;
- Kar-danesh group;
Bureau of Educational Technology and Publications
This bureau works in the fields of educational technology and
publications to produce educational material and media needed for
improving educational packages;
Key Tasks in the Field of Educational Technology
-
Planning for spread of application of educational technology in all
schools;
-
Planning and managing production of audio-visual aids;
-
Planning and managing production of software and e-content for
educational packages;
-
Planning for developing, setting, reviewing and improving standards
for educational aids, media and utilities according to the latest
developments;
-
Planning and preparing content for the National School Network;
-
Making relation with specialized public or private organizations,
organs and institutions on promoting new technologies according to
current rules and regulations;
-
Managing production and distribution of competent educational films
for students and teachers through holding Roshd Int'l Film Festival.
Key Tasks in the Field of Educational Publications
-
Studying and planning to satisfy international needs of teachers,
schools principals and educational experts to appropriate educational
material;
-
Producing and distributing 31 titles of general and specialized Roshd
Magazines for different age groups and various disciplines utilizing
collaboration of subject experts;
-
Regulating educational material and resources in order to prevent
distribution of nonstandard resources in schools and learning centers;
-
Testing, issuing certificates, setting standards and permitting
producers of written educational material and media to use the
standard logo on their products when they meet the standards;
-
Examining and supporting publication of written material (i.e. poem,
stories, novels, articles, etc.) targeting children, adolescents and
the youth;
-
Conducting, encouraging and supporting private and public sectors to
produce written material and media through holding applicable Roshd
festivals.
The bureau carries out the above tasks through 9 teams as follow:
- Monthlies supervising team;
- Quarterlies supervising team;
- Technical and artistic affairs supervision team;
- Materials standards setting and organizing team;
- Audio-visual media promoting team;
- Roshd Int'l Film Festival team;
-
Educational software development and application team;
- Quality control standards setting team;
- E-content development team.
National School Network (Roshd)
This network is a virtual space that provides educational services and
contents within the national curriculum using available capacities and
capabilities in educational ICT.
E-content development team runs the network.
Key Tasks in the Field of Educational Technology
-
Providing educational services and contents to support schools;
-
Adapting educational services and contents to suit needs and interests
of students, teachers and families;
-
Creating an environment for producing, exchanging and synergizing
educational experiences based on creativity and innovation;
-
Laying the groundwork for achieving educational equality throughout
the country.
Borhan Cultural Institution (Madreseh Publications)
The goal of the institution is to organize the trend of producing
content and to improve the quality of appropriate and valuable works
under supervision of Production Policy Making Council using
participation of the most outstanding experts of content production. Key
task of the institution is to create educational and religious books and
other publications for Iranian students and educators as well as the
International division. So far the institution has published the
following:
- A variety of books for different age groups;
- Dictionary of proverbs and related stories;
- The Lexicon of Persian for children and adolescents;
- Workbooks for primary and middle schools;
- Thematic works of art of Persian poetry;
The institute has been chosen as the best publisher in the national
festivals for several times.
Iran ICDL Foundation
The foundation is the exclusive official representative of the
international ICDL foundation in Iran and is in charge of digital
literacy in the country. Its goals are to pave the way to teaching
enough basic skills to educational experts, teachers and school
principals, to enhance quality of digital education among educators,
students and other groups, and to stabilize the legal system as well as
to preserve and secure brands of Iran ICDL.
Key Tasks
-
Restructuring in order to spread and promote digital literacy among
all groups of society uniformly;
-
Granting permission to institutions to run ICDL courses and to hold
assessment sessions according to the international criteria and
standards;
-
Encouraging all groups to acquire digital literacy and granting
international certificates for those passing approved courses;
- Evaluating ICDL products and learning tools;
-
Setting national standards and localizing international standards for
the country;
-
Promoting application of digital skills (ICDL) in educational, social,
cultural, economic and business activities;
- Increasing efficiency of users of computers at work;
-
Providing equal opportunities for everybody to be able to be a member
of information society;
-
Granting permission to print, publish or duplicate books and software
and running professional websites or any type of teaching media
related to ICDL or issues including the rights of international ICDL.
Cinema Felestine (Palestine)
OERP provides the employees and their families with certain educational
and welfare facilities. Cinema Felestine is an example. The cinema has
been under the ownership of the organization since 2003 and has been
refurbished completely. It has three film theaters equipped with Dolby
sound system and the best projection equipment. In recent years, the
cinema has been the focal point for screening films presented at Roshd
Int'l Film Festival and other festivals such as Tehran Int'l Short Film
Festival, Iran Int'l Documentary Film Festival, etc.
Institute for Educational Studies and Research
The institute was established in 2005 in order to increase scientific
knowledge of both line and staff human resources of the ministry of
education, to support the educational system scientifically, to address
part of domestic educational research needs, to develop and promote
educational studies and research, and to merge research institutes of
the ministry of education. Key goals of the institute include extension
and promotion of research activities in all fields related to education
and laying appropriate groundwork for improving related research
activities.
Key Tasks
- Recognizing educational research needs;
-
Carrying out fundamental, applied and developmental research projects
according to the goals of the institute;
-
Gathering requisites appropriate to research activities;
-
Collaborating with Iranian and foreign universities and research
institutes to improve quality of research activities related to
education, observing relevant rules and regulations;
-
Providing persons and legal entities with consultancy services based
on the findings of the institute;
-
Publishing professional and research periodicals, books and booklets,
and creating software according to the goals of the institute and the
current regulations;
- Organizing conferences, meetings and workshops.
Subdivisions of the Institute
The institute consists of subdivisions, namely Institute of Education,
Institute of Curriculum Planning and Educational Innovation, Institute
of Special Education, Institute of Family and School, Research Center
for Rural, Nomadic and Bilingual Education and National Center for TIMSS
and PIRLS. Each subdivision is in charge of its own tasks; however they
have some common tasks as follow:
Key Common Tasks
- Looking into and evaluating research proposals;
-
Recognizing educational issues and difficulties and setting research
priorities according to their own goals;
-
Directing research towards the needs and requirements of education;
-
Undertaking research on priorities and supervising progress of
approved research projects;
-
Disseminating research findings and providing researcher with
consultation services;
- Having books and articles authored or translated;
-
Keeping connection with other research institutions, identifying
skilled researchers and establishing cooperation with them.
Institute of Education
This institute was established to satisfy part of research tasks of the
ministry of education. It is governed according to its approved charter.
The main tasks of the institute include research on educational issues
of all levels; research on mental and social problems of children,
adolescents and the youth; flourishing their characters and their social
participation; research on economy, planning and development of
education; and assessing the quality and effectiveness of undertaken
researches. The institute enjoys the efforts of the following research
groups:
- Islamic education research group;
-
Research group of economy of education and human resources;
- Physical education research group.
Institute of Family and School
This institute was established in 1997 to conduct fundamental and
applied research on the methods and patterns of interaction between
families and schools and the ways of consolidating the ties between
these two social institutions. Research groups of the institute include:
-
Research group of sociology of education and family education;
- Research group of family counseling and guidance;
- Research group of participation and relations.
Institute of Special Education
This institute was established in 1994 to conduct research on all
aspects related to exceptional children and to address their needs. It
was merged with others to form the Institute for Educational Studies and
Research in 2004. Its research groups include:
- Research group of sensorimotor disabilities;
-
Research group of mental disabilities and talented children;
-
Research group of behavior disorders and learning disabilities.
Institute of Curriculum Planning and Educational Innovation
This institute was established as a subdivision of OERP in 2000 and then
merged with others in 2010. It has the following research groups:
- Research group on curriculums of humanities;
- Research group on curriculums of math and physics;
- Research group on curriculums of TVE;
- Research group on foundations of curriculum planning;
Tabriz Institute of Applied Educational Research (Research Center for
Rural, Nomadic and Bilingual
Education)
This institute was established in 2004 to lay the groundwork for doing
applied research on the issues and difficulties of bilingual provinces.
The institute has the following research groups:
-
Research group of education and teaching methods in bilingual regions;
-
Research group of social sciences and regional studies.
National Center for TIMSS and PIRLS
The international studies of TIMSS (the trends in international
mathematics and science study) and PIRLS (the progress in international
reading literacy study) are the most important and the widest
comparative studies on evaluating academic achievement. The studies
assess educational performance of 60 countries, including Iran, in math,
science and reading literacy.
TIMSS Goals
Some goals of this study include:
-
Studying international trends in math and science performance for
grades 4 and 9;
-
Measuring the gap between performance of participating countries and
their difference with global performance regarding the variance
between educational systems;
-
Measuring inputs and outputs of math and science education every four
years between 1995 and 2015;
-
Assessing science and math achievements in pre-university (TIMSS
advanced 2008) between 1995 and 2008;
-
Finding out about weaknesses and strengths of educational systems in
order to improve the quality of international performance.
PIRLS Goals
Some goals of this study include:
-
Studying international performance in reading abilities for grades 4
and 9;
-
Studying the underlying factors for gaining reading skills comparing
other participating countries;
- Measuring the trend of reading achievement;
-
Measuring the gap between performances of participating countries and
providing them with the knowledge and practical procedures to improve;
-
Comparing the national and international results to find weaknesses
and strengths of educational systems and proposing practical methods
for improvement.
Department of Resource Development and Logistics
Key Tasks
-
Taking account of resources, current development program act, the
budget act, programs and policies of Ministry of Education and OERP;
-
Recognizing new resources, methods, techniques and technologies, and
applying them appropriately;
-
Supervising and managing human, financial, informational and physical
resources according to the goals and duties of the organization;
-
Making necessary provisions for improving the efficiency of
administration methods and task procedures;
-
Analyzing and restructuring the organization according to the plans of
government and ministry of education;
-
Planning and supervision for supplying eligible human resources for
the organization;
-
Continuously assessing activities of subdivisions of the organization
and performance of human resources;
-
Making provisions to gradually apply international standards in
textbooks printing and binding;
-
Supervising preparation, publication and distribution of textbooks
using the most suitable methods and new technologies.
-
Handling contracts with persons and legal entities and keeping the
qualitative standards of educational materials up to date.
The department has the following subdivisions:
-
Directorate of Planning, Programming, and Financial Affairs;
-
General Directorate of Supervising Publication and Distribution of
Educational Materials;
- General Directorate of Administration and Logistics.
Directorate of Planning, Programming, and Financial Affairs
Key Tasks
-
Preparing long-term, short-term and annual programs of the
organization;
-
Forecasting revenues and estimating expenditures of approved projects,
programs and activities;
-
Proposing the annual budget of the organization and getting the
detailed budget approved;
-
Monitoring annual programs, performance of the subdivisions of the
organization and keeping coordination and integrity in programs to
fulfill the strategic program goals;
-
Ensuring fulfillment of financial regulations, instructions and
procedures;
-
Keeping a record of properties, assets, funds, liquidity, deposits and
commercial papers;
-
Making arrangements for establishing performance management system in
the organization, assessing efficiency, and conducting related
necessary research;
-
Setting standards of activities and planning for reforming and
upgrading processes and methods for improvements in efficiency;
-
Observing standards of accounting and preparing full financial
statements;
-
Having annual audits carried out by official audit organizations and
providing the board of trustees with the reports;
-
Preparing performance reports and submitting them to related
authorities.
General Directorate of Supervising Publication and Distribution of
Educational Materials
Key Tasks
-
Employing advanced technics for pre-printing, printing and
post-printing tasks;
-
Arranging all pre-printing jobs including preparation, editing,
typesetting, proofreading, drawing, photographing, illustrating,
designing and graphics, layout, etc.;
-
Arranging and supervising all technical affairs of textbooks printing
and publishing as well as all post-printing jobs including binding,
packing and storing;
-
Supervising distribution and sale of educational packages created for
primary and secondary students throughout the country;
-
Arranging and supervising duplication and distribution of CDs of
educational software, films, audiobooks as well as monitoring
e-production and e-publishing throughout the country;
-
Recording students and teachers' statistics to determine circulation
of textbooks and provincial quota;
-
Pricing textbooks based on the approval of OERP Tariff Council;
-
Auditing production cost of textbooks and auditing accounts with
contractors;
-
Recording accounts of educational departments of districts and
provinces for educational packages, informing about debts, settlement
of debts and preparing statements;
-
Identifying contractors, persons or legal entities, and signing
contracts with them to supply printing consumables, to carry out
printing and binding jobs, and to distribute textbooks, and
outsourcing some artistic jobs in addition;
-
Undertaking printing orders of other departments of ministry of
education;
-
Implementing mechanized systems of preparation, production and
distribution of educational material.
General Directorate of Administration and Logistics
Key Tasks
- Handling service and welfare affairs of employees;
-
Arranging recruitment, staffing and redundancy of human resources
according to strategies of OERP and ministry of education;
-
Arranging, coordinating and performing all administrative tasks of
personnel including assignments, job change, promotions, attendance,
leave, missions, etc.;
-
Doing restructuring studies and monitoring performance conformity with
organizational chart;
-
Performing needs assessments, planning and running in-service training
courses and preparing programs for improvement of human resources;
-
Planning for utilizing ICT in the organization in order to realize
e-government as well as providing support services in this regard;
-
Planning for employees' needs in fields of health, welfare, sports,
etc., raising morale of the employees, and retirement affairs;
-
Studying and proposing procedures for organizing human resources,
conformity of jobs with employees, promotion system, etc.;
-
Providing services for maintenance of utilities, equipment and
buildings, overhaul and repair services, renovations, etc.